Captain Jamie Grimes scored with a late header as the Spireites beat Barrow 1-0 at the SMH Group Stadium.
Half-time substitute Grimes netted in the 89th minute to seal a first home win in League Two since early September for the Spireites.
Paul Cook made four changes to the side that fell to a late defeat away to Harrogate, with James Berry, Paddy Madden, Harvey Araujo and Tyrone Williams handed starts.
Former Spireites loanee Andy Dallas led the line for Barrow, who came into the game level on points with Chesterfield.
Araujo was booked in just the sixth minute for a foul on Charlie Kirk but the free-kick was dealt with by Ryan Boot.
Both sides struggled to keep possession early on in the driving rain and wind. Dilan Markanday was able to flash a ball across goal but no player was there to meet it.
Dallas won a free-kick on the edge of the penalty area in the 28th minute, but Ben Jackson’s low effort was blocked by the Spireites’ wall.
A teasing cross from Chris Stokes was headed wide of Ryan Boot’s goal by Kirk, who was unmarked.
Barrow goalkeeper Paul Farman had to race off his line to deny Berry the chance to put the Spireites in front.
The visitors then struck a post when Dallas flicked the ball on from a long goal-kick from Farman, with Boot left stranded.
An uneventful first 45 minutes remained goal-less at half-time.
Markanday came closest to breaking the deadlock seven minutes into the second half, with Farman tipping his powerful effort onto the bar.
The Spireites continued to control possession and Madden skimmed a shot onto the roof of the net before volleying wide from a corner.
Will Grigg and Ryan Colclough were introduced from the bench as Chesterfield searched for a breakthrough. Armando Dobra and Ollie Banks also came on in the closing stages.
Farman saved superbly to tip Williams’ header over the crossbar, before Grimes headed home the winner in the 89th minute.
The Spireites held on in stoppage time to claim all three points.
